This US Forest Service site near Bend Oregon has a long lava tube cave, obsidian, lakes, a view of the volcanic Cascades above and more. 7,000 years ago a lava flow redirected the Deschutes River which now runs along the north part of the monument, and there’s an easy hike to Benham Falls on the river trail. The open season is quite short in summer, with restrictions on visitors to different sections. With the heat these days, the monument should open by May 1st, but whatever. I arrived early before other sections opened in June, and went to see the lava cast forest. I’ve never seen so many clear impressions of tree trunks left behind after being surrounded by lava. See one example below.
These are Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes Wild & Scenic River near Bend Oregon. The trail is uneven and a bit slippery near the edge in spots, but it’s only about 1/2 a mile from the parking lot to the falls. Tempting to jump off the rock into the water below. There are dramatic bluffs on both sides here, and the river flows 50 miles or so north to the Columbia, where the Lewis & Clark and Oregon trails meet. The upper segment is in the Deschutes National Forest, so it’s managed by the US Forest Service. The Bureau of Land Management runs much of the middle and lower segments, which includes more popular rafting. Steelhead Falls is jointly managed by USFS & BLM, and there are many interesting spots along the whole route. The gorges are gorgeous!
The Pacific Crest Trail strolls by Hyatt Lake above, not far from Ashland Oregon, where Northern Californians come up to watch Shakespeare. Honestly the drive up overlooking a deep beautiful valley was far more striking than the pretty lake, but I couldn’t get a decent photograph. The Cascade, Klamath & Siskiyou mountain ranges meet here, and the meadow in the valley is known as Hyatt Prairie. Besides larger animals, the area is well known for bird and butterfly watching, with hundreds of species.
I finally understand the naming conventions of the mountains up here. The Pacific Coast Mountain System includes all the coastal mountains from California up into Alaska. Within that, the Cascades are the young volcanic mountains that run through northern California up to Canada, including Mt Lassen, Mt Shasta, Crater Lake, Mt Rainier, and other stratovolcanoes up to the North Cascades. Within that, the Klamath Mountains are an older range formed by tectonic uplift in northern California and southern Oregon that includes the important Rogue, Smith, Klamath, and Trinity River watersheds, plus the headwaters of the Sacramento River around Shasta Lake. Within that, the Siskiyou Mountains are the stretch that connects the coastal mountains of northern California and Oregon between the Klamath and Rogue Rivers.
This mountainous Bureau of Land Management national monument has fascinating geology, great rivers, and diverse wildlife. The weird mix of soils from ancient seabeds to volcanic debris presents challenges to the plants that have adapted here. Two examples are the cobra lily, a cowled pitcher plant, and the serpentine jewelflower which takes on a purplish tinge here. I recommend reading some of the free Cascade-Siskiyou guides on animals, butterflies, geology and plants before going hiking.
There’s something magical about the smell of the forests up here in Oregon, with the occasional colorful butterfly scooting past, and folks taking their kids fishing while camping by the lake. In town, I tried morel mushrooms and a chocolate porter at the Caldera Brewery, and it was the best meal I’ve had since leaving San Francisco. Folks up here seem to understand the good life.
This month I’m continuing to post about my trip up to British Columbia.
The Rogue River in Oregon is iconically wild & scenic, one of the original ones named in the 1968 Wild & Scenic River Act. And folks have found various ways of enjoying it. I dreamt of paddling trips ever since watching the River Wild, but I’m always either too early or too late. With the warmer climate, I think they should start paddling tours by May 1st, if not earlier. The alternative was to take a jet boat, either from near Hellgate Canyon above or from Gold Beach. But I just couldn’t stand the idea of burning all that carbon, so I decided to drive along the edge stopping at overlooks, like the one below.
The Rogue and its tributaries define the popular southeast corner of Oregon. From its headwaters around Crater Lake creeks from Ashland and the Cascade-Siskiyou Mountains add to it before the river runs through the historic city of Grants Pass, where there’s a mini powerboat fest on the river on Memorial Day weekend. (Again, I think the river should be enjoyed without the noise of machines.) Then the Applegate River with its wine trail and the Illinois River from Oregon Caves join the Rogue before it emerges at Gold Beach on the Pacific.
The middle section of the Rogue has no road access for ~35 miles, and unfortunately some of the trails were closed due to serious forest fire damage in this protected area. I would like to return for a long paddling trip someday, but meanwhile I enjoyed meandering back roads and exploring the rest of the scenic canyons and river valleys.
The Umpqua River also begins near Crater Lake, so I also drove the Rogue Umpqua Scenic Byway, which goes past the Upper Rogue’s Gorge & Natural Bridge and the North Umpqua’s Watson Falls, two of many spectacular sights. The North Umpqua River is also designated as wild & scenic, while the lower Umpqua is less wild with calmer water but still a very beautiful part of the scenic byway.
Here are my visits to all NPS park units in Oregon.
Until about a year ago, the valley above used to be called Iron Gate Lake. But the dam (far right) was removed to restore salmon to this stretch of the Klamath River in northern California. Four dams have been removed recently, and in May the local tribes began their traditional calls for the salmon to return. I believe the valley will now revert to its traditional name K’účasčas (or Fall Creek).
The Klamath is an important waterway, and there’s long been battles over its use. Above and below Klamath Falls in Oregon there are wildlife refuges for birds, but maybe 75% of the wetlands were lost when the water was diverted for agriculture. When traveling around Lava Beds and Tule Lake my car choked on clouds of locusts, and I saw few birds as the lower refuge was virtually dry.
Dams don’t increase the amount of water at all, but they do control when it is released and how it’s used. Besides the diversion of water into farms and factories, dams obviously block salmon, and the lowest remaining dam (near the CA-OR border) has a fish ladder that the salmon are unable to climb. Another problem the dams cause is warming the water in artificial lakes, which increases algae and disrupts the salmon’s cool water lifecycle.
Removing the dams is a step in the right direction, but the huge Klamath watershed still has a significant number of dams. The Klamath tributaries include the Salmon, Shasta and Trinity rivers and many creeks, with various artificial lakes. Logging and mining have also diminished the salmon, but I was able to find a delicious local steelhead fillet in Trinidad Head about an hour south of the mouth of the Klamath.
The even more serious and growing problem is wildfires. This year I drove along the Klamath through the forests to the sea. Much of the trip traveled through badly burned forests. The forests were noticeably healthier in tribal lands, where there is greater diversity of tree species due to less logging. In the middle of the trip, I saw the sign below in Happy Camp California on the banks of the Klamath, but surveying the damage, I was not a happy camper. The climate crisis is already devastating our public lands, despite all our efforts to protect them. We must stop burning so much carbon.
Alaska awaits, but in the meantime, I have visited all 4 National Parks and 16 park units in the Pacific Northwest region, plus 2 heritage areas, 1 affiliate, trails and biospheres. Part of the Manhattan Project NHP is in Washington too.
The four national parks all contain snow capped volcanoes. There are fossil, cave and geologic sites, 3 lake recreation areas, and many fascinating historic sites to enjoy. The region is beautiful, with rugged coastline, forests, mountains and wildlife.
The Salmon River flows into the Pacific just out of sight between the headland and the beach above. The trail up here to the lower viewpoint starts at the boat launch, climbs through a lovely mossy old growth grove and crosses a few small bridges—the cascades were hidden in the brush—before reaching the meadow where a rare flower and butterfly live. There’s an upper viewpoint some 700 feet further up the hill, but I figured the closer view was better.
This UNESCO Biosphere is mostly on Nature Conservancy land, thanks to concerned citizens who rallied to protect it. Definitely needed the birdsong app: white-crowned sparrow, golden-crowned kinglet, chestnut-backed chickadee, pacific wren and a brown creeper, not to mention the usual coastal waterfowl and some raptor I couldn’t identify. Lovely spot on the Oregon coast with about a dozen other hikers on the trail on a beautiful day last fall.
Most of our border with Canada is a straight line from Minnesota to the Pacific, except for Canada’s Vancouver Island, which dips below the line. When the border was negotiated, the treaty put the border through the “middle of the channel”, i.e. the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca. Except where the San Juan Islands are in the middle, and then which is the main channel becomes a matter of interpretation. San Juan Island is much closer to Victoria Canada than to the mainland, so the British claimed it. But the Haro Strait is larger than the rest of the channel, so the Americans claimed San Juan Island too. Nobody really cared much about the sparsely populated islands, until an American squatter killed a British pig for rooting in his garden. Then, both sides prepared for war.
English Camp in the northwest is lovely, set on a well protected bay amidst large oaks, hemlock, and madrona trees. Well supplied from Victoria, the British created a formal garden above, kept calm and carried on. The Americans—actually the Robert’s Rules of Order writer—built a fort on the exposed southeastern point, conducted rigorous drills and maintained strict discipline. Large flag poles were erected at both camps. At the time, the US was entering the Civil War, so the government sent General Scott to negotiate peace. Fortunately, the border dispute was settled diplomatically.
There is an interpretive center at the American camp, while the English camp visitor center was closed when I visited late last September. Regular car ferries run to San Juan Island, with pleasant views along the way. Friday Harbor is between the English and American camps, 9 and 6 miles respectively, and has nice restaurants and more.
I also stopped at Cattle Point below on the southern tip which is part of a BLM National Monument protecting points, small islands and rocks in the San Juan Islands.
