Susquehanna National Heritage Area

The Zimmerman center above is the launching point for summer boat rides on the river in the background, a colonial era museum, the trailhead through a Susquehannock tribal area, local HQ for the Captain John Smith Chesapeake NHT, and the HQ for the Susquehanna NHA. I’m glad I stopped here last month, since the staff cleared up some of my misconceptions.

The museum here does a good job in describing the contact between the colonial explorer John Smith and the natives. The staff also confirmed my suspicion that Captain Smith could not have traveled to all the points up river shown on his trail. Even his small exploring boat could not sail up waterfalls and over rocky shoals. So Smith’s historic trail map does not match the explorer’s actual historic trail. The NPS describes the trail as “a water-based trail following the coastline of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributary rivers”, which would be great, if this were a scenic trail, but it’s a historic trail, named for a real explorer. [No word yet from the NPS on fixing this.]

Amidst handling school groups with aplomb, the staff also nicely answered my questions about the broad heritage area. If you’re interested in the colonial era, you should visit the county history museum in York, which has several colonial buildings, including a tavern, where our revolutionary leaders, the Continental Congress, fled during the British occupation of Philadelphia from 1777 to 1778. While exploring, you will likely see both Mennonite and Amish community members, such as around Loganton in the scenic area up the west branch of the river.

Delaware Brown v Board Affiliates

Delaware has three schools that are recently designated NPS affiliate sites of the Brown v Board of Education NHP in Kansas.

The very small school in Delaware above, Hockessin Colored School #107C, was funded by one of the du Ponts—owners of palatial Longwood and Nemours estates nearby—for the purpose of segregating black students from their extravagantly outfitted white schools. Hockessin students were also given cast-off old textbooks and denied transportation. Louis Redding sued on behalf of one of the students in Bulah v Gephart in 1951, winning the case in 1952, and later combining several other cases on appeal to argue Brown v Board of Education at the Supreme Court.

Claymont High School below, now a community center, allowed 12 African American students to attend in 1952, the first students effectively integrating into a segregated state school system after a legal challenge that became a key part of Brown.

Previously, African American students from all over Delaware could only attend Howard High School below, often without public transportation. Brown recognized that segregation in and of itself was illegal discrimination in public education. Read more about the road to equal education.

All Sites in Arizona, California & Nevada

While I can’t drive to Hawaii, I have visited all the other sites in the western region, including all the sites below and these national historic and scenic trails: Arizona NST, California Pioneer NHT, Juan Bautista de Anza & Old Spanish NHTs, Pacific Crest NST, and the Pony Express & Butterfield Overland NHTs.

Arizona

California

Nevada

Robert Russa Moton High School

Equality is the ideal we have yet to achieve. Jefferson wrote of equality in our Declaration of Independence. Our Constitution did not recognize it. Lincoln guided the country through a Civil War for equality, but then the country slid backwards again. But we must try.

W.E.B. Du Bois had supported and tracked inequality, progress and hope for schooling in the African American community of Prince Edward County in 1898. The state of Virginia revised their post Civil War Constitution in 1902 to permit racial segregation. In 1951, the inequality had long been unconscionable. While white students had cafeterias, gymnasiums, school busses and laboratories, black students needed warm clothes and umbrellas inside tar paper shacks.

Frustrated by the systemic racism that prevented adults—who faced retribution for asking for change—from fixing the problem, the students decided to act by themselves. 16 year old Barbara Johns addressed her fellow students, banging her shoe on the podium, and called a strike, asking for cooperation and saying “don’t be afraid”. The students all went on strike, and their minister said they should contact the NAACP. Barbara Johns called Richmond lawyer Oliver Hill to help.

Their case, which lost, became part of the Brown v. Board of Education appeal, but the Prince Edward County school district refused to follow the Supreme Court ruling. A new school was built, but rather than comply with integration, even after Little Rock, the Governor of Virginia closed schools for five years. Martin Luther King visited in 1962. JFK and RFK publicly excoriated Prince Edward County in 1963. Finally, the Supreme Court ruled again, saying “time… has run out”.

Every student should know this story, which began with a student walkout to demand a new school building. I was moved to tears listening to Barbara Johns’ recreated speech in the school auditorium and thinking about their courage in the face of terrible injustice. If you can visit, go and listen for yourself. This affiliate site, a favorite of mine, in Virginia is a powerful part of our Civil Rights history.

West Virginia in Photos

Celebrating completing the Mountain State!

Bluestone NSR, Gauley River NRA, Harpers Ferry NHP and New River Gorge NP are all above. West Viriginia has two shared NHAs, Appalachian Forest and Journey through Hallowed Ground—which includes Carnifex Ferry next to Gauley—, and two unique ones, National Coal—including all three river parks here—and Wheeling NHA. The Appalachian Trail, C&O Canal and Lewis & Clark all pass through. Almost heaven!

John Philip Sousa Junior High School

In 1950 a group of black students were denied admission to the then white school above (now a middle school in a predominantly African American neighborhood). At the time, black schools were severely overcrowded, while white schools had plenty of empty seats for students. Integration was proposed to make education more fair. A law professor at Howard University sued the DC school board president on behalf of one of the students, Spottswood Bolling, pictured to the left of the old entrance above. Bolling v Sharpe became part of the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v Board of Education. This park is affiliated with Brown v Board NHP in Kansas, and it is the only NPS affiliate site in DC.

All Pacific Northwest Sites

Alaska awaits, but in the meantime, I have visited all 4 National Parks and 16 park units in the Pacific Northwest region, plus 2 heritage areas, 1 affiliate, trails and biospheres. Part of the Manhattan Project NHP is in Washington too.

The four national parks all contain snow capped volcanoes. There are fossil, cave and geologic sites, 3 lake recreation areas, and many fascinating historic sites to enjoy. The region is beautiful, with rugged coastline, forests, mountains and wildlife.

Idaho

Oregon

Washington

Read my posts, and get out there and enjoy!

Wheeling National Heritage Area

Around 200 years ago, America was expanding the National Road (US 40) westward to St Louis and needed a bridge across the Ohio River. It took a couple tries, but the stone suspension bridge in the foreground was completed in 1859. The modern bridge behind it has four concrete bases, but the Wheeling Suspension bridge has none. Most traffic from the Midwest to the Mid-Atlantic passes on I-70 over the background bridge, so you may have seen Wheeling’s longest operating suspension bridge out your window between Ohio and West Virginia.

The city of Wheeling is marvelously uncrowded with small shops and restaurants around Centre Market in the historic center of the heritage area. It’s the kind of ‘stuck in the past’ place that I love, where the sign on the old bookstore advises folks to ask at the local bar if the owner is not inside his store. They have music, boating and cultural events, and they could use a few tourists pulling off the interstate to buy a hot fish sandwich at Coleman’s Fish Market below. Recommended.

New Jersey in Photos

Celebrating the national park units in New Jersey: Great Egg Harbor River, Morristown, Paterson Great Falls and Thomas Edison NHP above. Sandy Hook is part of Gateway NRA, and Ellis Island is part of the Statue of Liberty, both shared with New York. Both the Middle Delaware River and the Water Gap are shared with Pennsylvania, and both the Appalachian Trail and Rochambeau Route are shared with many states. The Garden State (see below) also has the Crossroads of the Revolution heritage area and a lovely coastal drive. Beautiful!