If You Really Cared About Border Security, You Would Stop Burning Carbon.

Because you burn carbon, you exacerbate the climate crisis, which causes rising seas and more disasters. The US is responsible for more total carbon emissions than any other country, creating refugees and increasing migration globally. Maybe you neither know nor care about people in other countries, but your carbon emissions are driving migrants to the US. Nicaragua alone has over 100,000 climate refugees due to increasingly violent hurricanes and severe drought wiping out crops and cattle. These problems increase poverty and weaken their government, causing many to flee to other countries, especially the US. If you don’t want a lot more immigrants in the US, then you should stop burning carbon and vote for carbon reduction policies.

Understand that the unprecedented scale of these disasters is man-made, climate-driven and increasing at a rate that humanity has never faced. The problem is not just the disasters we are seeing now. The problem is that we are continuing to make even more disasters even worse every year. Carbon pollution makes disasters more deadly, driving dramatic diasporas and magnifying violent conflict, which causes wars and even more refugees. Wars burn even more carbon. Burning carbon increases border insecurity globally, so the underlying problems are accelerating.

Already, there are tens of millions of climate refugees globally, in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America. Extreme heat and drought drive violent conflicts in Somalia, Sudan, Syria & Yemen. But in 15 years, the number of countries with similarly extreme climate crises is expected to rise from 10 to 65. Flooding has already displaced millions of refugees in Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Many of the countries currently hosing refugees are already suffering or will suffer severe climate consequences themselves soon, including millions already displaced in China and the Philippines. As the climate crisis continues to worsen and intensify, the total number of refugees globally will increase dramatically.

Whether you care about the human suffering or not, more and more climate migrants will continue trying to reach the US every year. Increasing border security is extremely expensive. Last year the US allocated an additional $170 billion for more border fencing, Customs and Border Patrol, ICE, new detention facilities, surveillance, etc. Given that the global climate refugee problem is accelerating exponentially, future costs will continue rising even more rapidly. Spending more on solar and wind would lower both energy costs and future costs of dealing with climate refugees. Fixing the climate crisis is the most direct way to reduce the disasters that drive migrants here.

Refusing refugees is cruel. Desperate people historically have also found many ways to enter the country, including flying and overstaying their legal visas. Deporting long term residents to countries that they haven’t seen since infancy is also cruel and can be quite expensive with airfare and legal costs. Spending more on relief programs like USAID both saves lives and reduces the future costs of dealing with climate refugees. And of course, it is not moral to refuse assistance to hundreds of millions of our fellow human beings who will be displaced by our cumulative carbon emissions.

January is National Trafficking Month, and refugees are among the most vulnerable populations forced into human trafficking operations. So choosing to reduce carbon emissions is choosing to reduce human trafficking. Politicians may talk tough on border security, but if they deny the climate crisis, they may be worsening rather than fixing the problem. You may consider yourself anti-crime, but if you vote for people who call climate change a hoax, encourage cryptocurrencies and have personal history with sex-traffickers, then you are contributing to human trafficking on multiple fronts.

So don’t tell me you care about border security, prove it. Stop burning carbon, and vote for climate justice. Fix the climate crisis to increase global border security and human safety.

Joggins Fossil Cliffs

This UNESCO World Heritage Site is on the Nova Scotia side of the Bay of Fundy, and it is a remarkable area for fossils. The high cliffs in the background have tilted layers, so that if you walk north (left) you go back in time and south forward. I took the tour at low tide, because the high tide rises 30 feet over where I took the photo above. The tidal erosion is harsh, so that we heard and saw several small rockfalls in 90 minutes. As a result, new fossils are constantly being revealed.

Most of the discoveries date to the Carboniferous Period or the coal age. That’s after the age of fishes and before dinosaurs, although they did find a very small reptile here which was identified as one of the first reptiles to lay eggs out of the water, the first time our ancestors could live away from the sea. Most of the fossils are of marine life, algae and plants, including giant fern-like trees that grew over 100’ tall, leaving copies of themselves in stone that formed in their hollow trunks. We also found some 12” wide tracks of a giant 150 pound bug with lots of little legs.

Most of our fossil fuel comes from this 75 million year long Carboniferous Period. So when someone claims that fossil fuels are sustainable, ‘the same as burning an ancient forest’, you can tell them that we are actually burning maybe a million global forests every year at current rates. And then you can tell them that’s not at all sustainable and is obviously changing our global climate very quickly.

Many ages have ended in mass extinctions for various reasons including asteroid strikes. It’s sad that we, the first species with the capability of averting an asteroid-strike mass extinction, are currently causing a carbon-pollution mass extinction out of foolishness, rather than simply switching most of our fossil fuel to sustainable fuels like wind, solar and tidal power.

The fossil record and science is clear. We just need to pay attention, think and act before it’s too late.

New York in Photos

Celebrating the Empire State!

African Burial Ground NM, Castle Clinton NM, Eleanor Roosevelt NHS, Federal Hall NM, Fire Island NS, Fort Stanwix NM, Franklin D Roosevelt NHP, Gateway NRA, General Grant NM, Governors Island NM, Guggenheim WHS, Hamilton Grange NM, Harriet Tubman NHP, Sagamore Hill NHS, Saint Paul’s NHS, Saratoga NHP, Statue of Liberty NM, Stonewall NM, Teddy Roosevelt Birthplace and Inaugural NHS, Van Buren NHS, Vanderbilt NHS and Women’s Rights NHP are all above. New York also has the Kate Mullany NHS, Lower East Side TM, and Thomas Cole NHS affiliate sites, four heritage areas—Champlain Valley, Erie Canalway, Hudson River Valley (including 5 parks above), and Niagara Falls— and parts of the Appalachian NST, Chesapeake Bay NHT, North Country NST, Upper Delaware SRR, and Washington-Rochambeau RR.

All Thomas Jefferson Sites

Jefferson is more controversial than his $2 bill, but like his nickel, you rely on his legacy every day.

Not only was he one of many who signed our Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia, but Jefferson was the primary author. Do you believe in freedom of religion? Jefferson ensured that Roger Williams’ ideas were enshrined in our laws, writing that “no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious ministry or shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious beliefs, but all men shall be free to profess and by argument maintain, their opinions in matters of religion.” His words are etched in granite in the Jefferson Memorial above in DC.

Jefferson was our second Ambassador to France after fellow inventor Franklin, the first Secretary of State, the second Vice President to his friend and rival John Adams, and friend of revolutionary patriots like Kosciuszko, Lafayette and Patrick Henry. Jefferson first engaged Dolley Madison as official hostess at the White House. Jefferson designed Monticello—below and on the back of the nickel—which is now a World Heritage Site that includes the University of Virginia, which he also designed.

Jefferson, like Washington, was a surveyor. Together they planned the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal route and mapped & owned Natural Bridge. Jefferson scouted Harpers Ferry from the hiking trail there. He designated the Natchez Trace and hired Gallatin, who built the first national highway. Jefferson was the driving force behind Lewis & Clark’s secret mission to map the route to the Pacific. His timely opportunistic purchase of Louisiana Territory—including part or all of 15 states—is recognized at Gateway Arch and now includes his face on Mount Rushmore.

But Jefferson will forever be remembered for his failure to apply his ideal that “all men are created equal” to all men including Native Americans and slaves. While he wrote that slavery was despotism, that slaves should be free and both admired and learned from Native Americans, Jefferson perpetuated both slavery and forced native removal, believing that their fated freedoms should be left to future generations to fulfill. Jefferson supported nullification—the supposed right of states to disclaim laws they did not like—, and such failures are why traitors like Jefferson Davis were named after him, and such failures forever defame Thomas Jefferson’s historic reputation.

Historic District of Old Québec

Québec is my favorite city in North America. I love New Orleans, Philadelphia and San Francisco, but there’s a certain je ne sais quoi. Probably the food. UNESCO may have picked it as a World Heritage Site due to its history, architecture, culture, beauty, fortifications, statues, parks, narrow old streets, churches, magnificent vistas, harbor, citadel, Haute-ville, Basse-ville, museums, galleries, Parliament, battlefield, archaeological discoveries, and all the rest, but it’s really the food.

Although the funicular (above) is fun too, and the old shopping district is colorful, amidst several fine restaurants. There always seem to be festivals in all seasons, concerts, and other excuses to try something new to eat or drink. If you want to get out of the city, you can go to Île d’Orléans, by bridge from the north side of the Seaway. They have farms, berries, cheese, bakeries, jam, chocolatiers, wineries, cideries, sugar shacks with maple syrup treats, and a microbrewery. Basically, much of what you eat in Québec City is from the island. As much as I enjoy going around shops and stands there, I prefer leaving all the work to each restaurant’s wait and cook staff, so I order many different dishes and sample the best of everything. Bon appétit!

Springfield 1908 Race Riot National Monument

This new park established by President Biden this August is still a fenced off construction area next to the railroad tracks, but there are several art installations dedicated to the riot, including the dove above and a mural at the Children’s Hospital next door. 11th Avenue along the site is known as Reconciliation Way, to commemorate the terrible events here in 1908.

In mid August 1908, in Springfield Illinois, a white mob of five thousand lynched 2 black men, killed 7 others, burned out millions of dollars worth of black homes and businesses and also targeted Jews and whites deemed sympathetic to the black community. The police did nothing to stop the riot. The burning, looting, ransacking and violence lasted 3 days until put down by the state militia, which resulted in 6 dead rioters.

Church leaders blamed the victims for being “sinful”. Although everyone knew the perpetrators and many were arrested, only one 15 year old was convicted after he confessed to stealing revolvers, shooting at black people and starting 15 fires. The others denied any responsibility, the witnesses denied seeing them, and the charges were dismissed. The judge denied that there was racism in Springfield.

Many Americans were shocked by the scale of the violence in Abraham Lincoln’s home town, and civil rights advocates like W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells helped form the NAACP in 1909 in response. In 1910 speaking before the NYC Republican Club (the party of Lincoln), Du Bois argued that if racial hierarchy were the natural order of the world, then there would be no need to use social and physical weapons to oppress a race.

“So soon as the prejudiced are forced into this inevitable dilemma, then the real bitterness and indefensibility of their attitude is revealed; they say bluntly that they don’t care what [slurs] may be capable of—they do not like them and they propose to keep such folk in a place of permanent inferiority to the white race—by peaceful policy if possible, but brute force if necessary.
And when a group, a nation or a world assumes this attitude, it is handling dynamite.
There is in this world no force as the force of a man determined to rise.
The human soul cannot be permanently chained.”

W.E.B. Du Bois

Louisiana in Photos

Celebrating the Pelican State! Below find a park visit photo each for Cane River Creole, Jean Lafitte, New Orleans Jazz and Poverty Point, which is also a World Heritage Site. (A tiny part of Vicksburg is also in Louisiana). This diverse, fascinating state also includes both the Atchafalaya and Cane River NHAs, as well as El Camino Real de las Tejas. I always enjoy traveling in Louisiana, especially the heavenly food, so go visit!

New Mexico in Photos

Celebrating completion of all parks in the Land of Enchantment: Aztec Ruins, Bandelier, Capulin Volcano, Carlsbad Caverns NP, Chaco Culture, El Malpais, El Morro, Fort Union NM, Gila Cliff Dwellings, Los Alamos, Pecos NHP, Petroglyph, Salinas Pueblo Missions, Valles Caldera and White Sands NP. The Northern Rio Grande NHA is here, and the Butterfield Overland, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Santa Fe and the Old Spanish trails all pass through too. There are also three World Heritage Sites, more than any other state: Carlsbad Caverns, Chaco Culture and Taos Pueblo. Enjoy!